Advanced Joining & Solid-State Welding

Rotary & Inertia Friction Welding (RFW) Upset & Flash Calculator

Engineering calculator for rotary friction welding (RFW) and inertia friction welding (IFW). Computes axial thrust, upset forging force, spindle RPM, total axial burn-off shortening allowance, and post-weld flash curl turning stock.

1. Input Parameters

Weld interface outer cylinder diameter
0 for solid bar, > 0 for tubular sections

2. Calculation Results

Weld Contact Area
-- mm²
Friction Thrust Force
-- kN
Forge Upset Force
-- kN
Spindle Speed (RPM)
-- RPM
Total Burn-Off Loss ΔL
-- mm
Flash Turning Stock
-- mm

3. Geometric Visualizer

Tooling & Vector Prepress Engineering Notes

Solid-State Joining Kinematics: Rotary Friction Welding (RFW) joins metal interfaces below their melting point via frictional heat generated by rotating one component against a stationary counterpart under axial friction pressure ($P_{\text{fric}}$). Once plasticizing temperature is achieved, rotation stops rapidly (braking < 0.2s) and forging upset pressure ($P_{\text{upset}}$) is applied to expel surface oxides into the external flash curl.

Axial Burn-off Length Compensation: The total axial shortening ($\Delta L_{\text{total}} = \Delta L_{\text{fric}} + \Delta L_{\text{upset}}$) must be programmed directly into the pre-weld blank length CAD/CAM DXF geometries. For bimetallic welds (e.g. Inconel to alloy steel), asymmetric plastic flow occurs, requiring differential pre-weld allowance allocation.

Post-Weld CNC Flash Removal Toolpath: The extruded mushroom flash collar contains forged oxides and high residual stress. CNC turning profile vector toolpaths must incorporate a root fillet radius ($R \ge 1.5 \times \text{wall thickness}$) to eliminate sharp stress concentration notches.