Powder Metallurgy & Hot Isostatic Pressing
Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) Capsule Canister Calculator
Calculate HIP capsule powder compaction shrinkage, canister dimensions, green powder mass, critical buckling pressure, and sheet metal blank sizing.
1. Input Parameters
Finished solid part axial length after HIP consolidation.
Finished solid part outer diameter.
Hollow core diameter if forming tubular/annular near-net shape.
Relative packing density of gas-atomized spherical powder (typically 65% - 72%).
Mild steel (AISI 1018) or stainless steel canister wall gauge.
Argon gas vessel pressure during thermal soak (100 - 150 MPa).
2. Calculation Results
Linear Shrinkage Factor (SL)
+13.4%
Canister Pre-HIP Cavity OD
130.5 mm
Canister Pre-HIP Cavity Length
249.6 mm
Total Powder Charge Mass
18.65 kg
Unfolded Shell Cut Blank
422 x 254 mm
Consolidation Density
100.0% (0 Pore)
3. Dynamic Visualizer & CAM Preview
4. Engineering Notes & Physics Specifications
Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) consolidates atomized spherical metal or ceramic powders into 100% fully dense, pore-free near-net-shape (NNS) components inside high-pressure argon autoclaves (typically 900°C - 1250°C and 100 - 150 MPa). The loose powder is hermetically sealed inside a sacrificial sheet metal container ("canister" or "capsule") fabricated from mild steel or stainless steel.
- Isotropic Shrinkage Scale Factor ($S_L$): The canister must be scaled up to accommodate powder densification: $S_L = (\rho_{\text{final}} / \rho_{\text{tap}})^{1/3} - 1 = (1 / \rho_{\text{rel,tap}})^{1/3} - 1$. A 68.5% tap density requires $+13.4\%$ linear scale in all dimensions.
- Canister Shell Buckling & Wall Thickness: Thin walls ($1.5 - 2.5\text{ mm}$) deform uniformly without shielding the powder from isostatic pressure. Thick walls cause end-cap rigid stiffness distortions ("hourglass effect").
- Vacuum Degassing & Bakeout: Prior to crimping and seal welding, the canister is vacuum evacuated to $< 10^{-3}\text{ mbar}$ at 300°C - 450°C to strip moisture and adsorbed oxygen.
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