Surface Engineering & Hydrodynamics

Laser Surface Texturing (LST) & Dimple Pattern Calculator

Calculate hydrodynamic micro-dimple area density (Sp), aspect ratio, Reynolds fluid film pressure lift, friction reduction %, and galvo burst CAM parameters.

1. Input Parameters

Dimple Radius rp (µm)

Micro-dimple circular crater radius.

Dimple Depth hp (µm)

Crater center ablation depth.

Array Grid Pitch Lx = Ly (µm)

Center-to-center spacing between adjacent dimples.

Sliding Surface Velocity U (m/s)

Relative linear or tangential surface speed.

Lubricant Dynamic Viscosity µ (mPa·s / cP)

Fluid viscosity (1.0 = water, 25 = light hydraulic oil, 100 = engine oil).

Lubricant Film Clearance h0 (µm)

Nominal nominal hydrodynamic gap thickness.

Laser Pulses per Dimple

Picosecond or femtosecond burst pulse count per crater.

2. Calculation Results

Area Density (Sp)

16.2%

Aspect Ratio (ε)

0.045

Hydrodynamic Pressure Lift

385 kPa

Friction Torque Reduction

-48.5%

Dimple Density

2,066 /cm²

Texturing Speed

14.5 cm²/min

3. Dynamic Visualizer & CAM Preview

4. Engineering Notes & Physics Specifications

Laser Surface Texturing (LST) creates micro-scale dimple or groove arrays across mechanical seal faces, thrust bearings, piston rings, and ceramic hip joints. As lubricant shears over each micro-dimple, fluid expands into the pocket and contracts at the downstream convergence edge, creating an asymmetric hydrodynamic micro-wedge that generates positive pressure lift, elevates lubricant film thickness ($h_0$), and prevents metal-to-metal boundary friction.

Optimal Area Density ($S_p$): $S_p = rac{\pi r_p^2}{L_x L_y}$. Optimum friction reduction occurs in the range $10\% \le S_p \le 22\%$. Excessive dimple density ($S_p > 30\%$) causes fluid leakage across interconnected flow channels.
Optimal Aspect Ratio ($arepsilon$): $arepsilon = rac{h_p}{2 r_p}$. Maximum hydrodynamic pressure recovery occurs between $0.02 \le arepsilon \le 0.08$. Deeper pockets induce recirculation eddy dissipation.
Ultrafast Ablation & Rim Control: Using picosecond (ps) or femtosecond (fs) lasers eliminates thermal molten rim formation ($< 0.1 ext{ µm}$ recast burr), avoiding secondary abrasive polishing steps.

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