Laser Photonics & Micro-Joining

Laser Welding Wobble Geometry & Seam Energy Density Calculator

Calculate linear heat input ($J/mm$), galvanometer wobble beam trajectory, molten pool overlap percentage, seam width, and power ramping vectors for fiber laser seam welding (IPG, Trumpf, Precitec, Keyence, Han's Laser).

1. Laser & Material Setup

Continuous wave (CW) fiber laser power
Linear CNC / robot travel speed
Core fiber & collimator spot size (µm)

2. Galvanometer Wobble Parameters

Peak-to-peak oscillation width
Galvo oscillation frequency (Hz)

Weld Pool Energy & Trajectory Metrics

◀ Seam Direction ▶ Wobble Pitch: 0.14 mm
Linear Heat Input ($H_{linear}$) 34.3 J/mm
Effective Beam Velocity ($v_{eff}$) 943 mm/s (56.6 m/min)
Wobble Cycle Pitch ($Delta x$) 0.140 mm
Molten Pool Overlap Percentage 89.2 %
Effective Seam Width 1.30 mm
Joint Gap Bridging Tolerance 0.26 mm (Max Fitup Gap)
Hermetic Leak-Tight Assessment Hermetic Grade (> 80% Overlap)
Rec. Power Ramp-Down Vector 4.5 mm (Crater Crack Prevention)
Weld Execution Time 3.43 sec

💡 CAM Prepress Tip: For closed circular or rectangular hermetic seams, include a 3.0–5.0mm tangential overlap vector with laser power linear ramp-down to 0% to prevent crater crack formation at the seam termination.

Need Precise Laser Welding Vector Toolpaths?

Convert joint scans, engineering drawings, and CAD profiles into continuous DXF toolpaths with integrated power-ramping and wobble layers.

Convert CAD / Drawing to DXF — $4.20

Laser Wobble Pattern Selection Matrix

Wobble Pattern Geometry Formula Key Advantages Best Applications
Circular (O) x = R cos(ωt), y = R sin(ωt) Uniform heat distribution, lowest porosity Hermetic battery cans, 316L tubes, medical seals
Figure-8 (∞) x = R sin(2ωt), y = R sin(ωt) Dual center pass, wide root penetration Dissimilar metals (Copper to Aluminum), high-thermal alloys
Transverse Line (—) x = 0, y = A sin(ωt) Maximum gap bridging across butt joints Sheet metal chassis, stamping assemblies with loose fitup
Spiral / Vortex (@) r(t) = (R/2)(1 + sin(ωt/2)) Deep keyhole stabilization, zero spatter Thick plate welding (> 3mm) and spot-welding clusters

1. Linear Heat Input vs Travel Speed

Linear heat input ($H = P / v$) governs the thermal volume and heat-affected zone (HAZ). Excessive heat causes thermal distortion and burn-through in thin foil tabs; insufficient heat causes lack of fusion (cold laps).

2. Preventing Keyhole Collapse & Porosity

Galvo wobble oscillation agitates the molten keyhole, preventing vapor bubble entrapment. High wobble frequencies (200–500 Hz) create stable hydrodynamic vortex flow, reducing internal gas pores by up to 90% in aluminum alloys.

3. DXF Vector Path Continuity

Laser welding controllers require continuous 2D/3D polyline vectors. Any micro-gap or duplicate node in the DXF file triggers an unintended laser shutoff and restart cycle, creating heavy blowholes and seam defects.

4. Crater Crack Prevention & Overlap Routines

At the end of a closed hermetic vector loop, abruptly turning off the laser freezes the melt pool instantly, causing a shrinkage crater crack. Prepress vectors must include an overlap lead-out tangent with a synchronized power attenuation decay.